Sisitemu ikora neza kandi itekanye yo gutunganya ibyuka bihumanya neza ibyumba byububiko, kandi irashobora guhura nibidukikije bikenerwa cyane kugirango umuntu ahindurwe ingingo, umutima, imitsi yamaraso, gusimburana hamwe nibindi bikorwa.
Gukoresha imiti yica udukoko twinshi kandi ifite ubumara buke, kimwe no gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, ni ingamba zikomeye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije by’ibyumba rusange bikoreramo.Dukurikije ibiganiro bihoraho kandi bigasuzumwa kenshi, ivugururwa ryavuguruwe ryitwa "Ibitaro Bikuru byubatswe byubatswe n’ibitaro rusange", ingingo zerekeye ibyumba rusange bikoreramo amaherezo zagenwe nka: "Ibyumba rusange bikoreramo bigomba gukoresha sisitemu yo guhumeka hamwe na filteri ya terefone itari munsi yayunguruzo nziza cyangwa umwuka mwiza.Sisitemu yo guhumeka.Komeza umuvuduko mwiza mucyumba, kandi umubare w’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ntushobora kuba munsi ya 6 / h ”.Kubindi bipimo bitabigizemo uruhare, nkubushyuhe nubushuhe, nyamuneka reba icyumba cya IV gisukuye.
Ibyumba byo gukoreramo
Ukurikije urwego rwa sterité cyangwa sterité yimikorere, icyumba cyo gukoreramo gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitanu bikurikira:
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Dukurikije ubuhanga butandukanye, ibyumba byo gukoreramo birashobora kugabanywamo kubagwa muri rusange, amagufwa, kubyara n’umugore, kubaga ubwonko, kubaga umutima, kubaga umutima, gutwika, gutwika, ENT n’ibindi byumba byo gukoreramo.Kubera ko ibikorwa byinzobere zitandukanye bisaba ibikoresho nibikoresho byihariye, ibyumba byo gukoreramo ibikorwa byihariye bigomba kuba byateganijwe neza.
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyuzuye kirimo ibice bikurikira:
Room Icyumba cyo kunyuramo cyisuku: harimo icyumba cyo guhindura inkweto, icyumba cyo kwambariramo, icyumba cyo kwiyuhagiriramo, icyumba cyo kogeramo, nibindi.;
Room Icyumba cyo kubaga: harimo icyumba rusange gikoreramo, icyumba cyo gukoreramo sterile, icyumba cyo gukoreramo cya laminari, nibindi.;
Room Icyumba cyabafasha cyo kubaga: harimo umusarani, icyumba cya anesteziya, icyumba cyo kuzura, icyumba cyo gukuramo, icyumba cya plaque, nibindi.;
Room Icyumba cyo gutanga ibyorezo: harimo icyumba cyo kwanduza, icyumba cyo kugemuriramo, icyumba cy'ibikoresho, icyumba cyo kwambariramo, n'ibindi.;
Room Icyumba cyo gusuzuma laboratoire: harimo X-ray, endoskopi, patologiya, ultrasound nibindi byumba byo kugenzura;
Icyumba cyo kwigishirizamo: harimo ameza yo kureba ibikorwa, icyumba cya televiziyo gifunze-cyerekana icyumba, n'ibindi.;
Igabana ry'akarere
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo kigomba kugabanywamo ibice bigabanijwe (icyumba cyo gukoreramo sterile), agace kabujijwe igice (icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyanduye) hamwe n’ahantu hatabujijwe.Hariho ibishushanyo bibiri byo gutandukanya uturere dutatu: kimwe nugushiraho agace kabujijwe hamwe nigice cyagabanijwe mubice bibiri kumagorofa atandukanye.Igishushanyo kirashobora gukora rwose kwigunga isuku, ariko bisaba ibikoresho bibiri, byongera abakozi, kandi ntibyoroshye kuyobora;bibiri Kugirango dushyireho ibibanza byabujijwe hamwe n’ibice bitabujijwe mu bice bitandukanye bya etage imwe, hagati ihindurwamo igice cyabujijwe igice, kandi ibikoresho birasangiwe, bikaba byoroshye gushushanya no gucunga.
Ahantu hagabanijwe harimo ibyumba byo gukoreramo sterile, ubwiherero, ibyumba bya sterile, ibyumba byo kubikamo ibiyobyabwenge, nibindi. Ahantu hagabanijwe harimo ibyumba by’ibikorwa byihutirwa cyangwa ibyumba byo gukoreramo byanduye, ibyumba byo kwambariramo ibikoresho, ibyumba byo gutegura anesteziya, n’ibyumba byanduza.Mu gace katabujijwe, hari ibyumba byo kwambariramo, ibyumba byo guhomesha, ibyumba by'icyitegererezo, ibyumba byo gutunganya imyanda, anesteziya n'ibyumba byo gukira, ibiro by'abaforomo, ibyumba by'abaganga, resitora, n'ibyumba byo kuruhukiramo abagize umuryango w'abarwayi babaga.Icyumba cy'inshingano n'ibiro by'abaforomo bigomba kuba hafi yubwinjiriro.
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo kigomba kuba kiri ahantu hatuje, hasukuye kandi horoheye kuvugana ninzego zibishinzwe.Ibitaro bifite inyubako zo hasi nkinyubako nkuru bigomba guhitamo impande, nibitaro bifite inyubako ndende nkuko umubiri nyamukuru ugomba guhitamo igorofa yo hagati yinyubako nkuru.Ihame ryimiterere yicyumba cyo gukoreramo nandi mashami nishami ni uko yegereye ishami rishinzwe ibikorwa, banki yamaraso, ishami rishinzwe gusuzuma amashusho, ishami rishinzwe gusuzuma laboratoire, ishami rishinzwe gusuzuma indwara, nibindi byoroshye kubonana nakazi, na bigomba kuba kure yibyumba, ibyumba byo gusana, sitasiyo zitunganya imyanda, nibindi, kugirango birinde umwanda kandi bigabanye urusaku.Icyumba cyo gukoreramo kigomba kwirinda urumuri rwizuba rushoboka, biroroshye kureba amajyaruguru, cyangwa igicucu cyikirahure cyamabara kugirango byorohereze amatara.Icyerekezo cyicyumba cyo gukoreramo kigomba kwirinda umuyaga uhumeka kugirango ugabanye ubukana bwumukungugu wimbere hamwe n’umwanda.Ubusanzwe itunganijwe muburyo bukomatanyije, ikora agace kigenga kigenga, harimo igice cyibikorwa nigice cyo gutanga.
Imiterere
Imiterere rusange yicyumba cyo gukoreramo irumvikana.Kwinjira mucyumba cyo gukoreramo bifata inzira ebyiri, nk'imiyoboro yo kubaga sterile, harimo imiyoboro y'abakozi, imiyoboro y'abarwayi, n'inzira zitanga ibintu bisukuye;imiyoboro idafite isuku:
Ibikoresho byanduye byibikoresho no kwambara nyuma yo kubagwa.Hariho kandi umuyoboro wihariye wihariye wo gutabara abarwayi, kugirango abarwayi barembye cyane bashobore kuvurwa mugihe gikwiye.Irashobora gutuma akazi k'ishami rishinzwe kugerwaho neza kugera ku kwanduza no kwigunga, gusukura no guhungabana, no kwirinda kwandura ku rugero runini.
Icyumba cyo gukoreramo kigabanyijemo ibyumba byinshi byo gukoreramo.Ukurikije urwego rutandukanye rwo kweza, hari ibyumba byo gukoreramo byo mu rwego rwa magana abiri, ibyumba byo gukoreramo ibihumbi bibiri, n’ibyumba bine byo gukoreramo ibihumbi icumi.Inzego zitandukanye zibyumba byo gukoreramo bifite imikoreshereze itandukanye: ibyumba byo gukoreramo urwego 100 Byakoreshejwe mugusimburana hamwe, kubaga neurosurgie, kubaga umutima;Icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyo mu cyiciro cya 1000 gikoreshwa mubyiciro byo gukomeretsa muri orthopedie, kubaga rusange, no kubaga plastique;Icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyo mu cyiciro cya 10,000 gikoreshwa mu kubaga thoracic, ENT, urologiya no kubaga rusange Usibye gukora icyiciro cy’ibikomere;icyumba cyo gukoreramo hamwe no guhinduranya igitutu cyiza kandi kibi kirashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bidasanzwe byanduye.Kwoza umuyaga bigira uruhare rudasubirwaho mukurinda kwandura no kwemeza ko kubagwa bigenda neza, kandi ni tekinoroji yingirakamaro mu cyumba cyo gukoreramo.Ibyumba byo gukoreramo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bisaba ibyuma bisukuye byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwo mu kirere birashobora gutuma ibyumba byo gukoreramo biri hejuru.
Isuku ry'ikirere
Umuvuduko wumwuka wicyumba cyo gukoreramo uratandukanye ukurikije ibisabwa by isuku ahantu hatandukanye (nkicyumba cyo gukoreramo, icyumba cyo gutegura sterile, icyumba cyo kogeramo, icyumba cya anesteziya hamwe n’ahantu hasukuye, nibindi).Inzego zitandukanye zibyumba byo gukoreramo bya laminari bifite ibipimo bitandukanye byogusukura ikirere.Kurugero, Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika 1000 numubare wumukungugu ≥ 0.5 μ m kuri metero kibe yumuyaga, ≤ 1000 ibice cyangwa ≤ 35 kuri litiro yumwuka.Igipimo cyicyumba cyo gukoreramo cya laminari 10000 ni umubare wumukungugu ≥0.5μm kuri metero kibe yumuyaga, uduce 10000 cyangwa 50350 kuri litiro yumwuka.N'ibindi.Intego nyamukuru yo guhumeka ibyumba byo gukoreramo ni ugukuraho gaze isohoka muri buri cyumba cyakazi;kwemeza umubare ukenewe wumwuka mwiza muri buri cyumba cyakazi;gukuraho umukungugu na mikorobe;kugumana igitutu cyiza gikenewe mubyumba.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwo guhumeka bushobora kuzuza ibyangombwa byo guhumeka mubyumba byo gukoreramo.Gukoresha hamwe gukoresha imashini itanga umwuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwa mashini: Ubu buryo bwo guhumeka burashobora kugenzura umubare wimihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubwinshi bw’ikirere n’umuvuduko w’imbere, kandi ingaruka zo guhumeka ni nziza.Imashini itanga umwuka hamwe numwuka usanzwe ukoreshwa hamwe.Ibihe byo guhumeka no guhumeka byubu buryo bwo guhumeka bigarukira ku rugero runaka, kandi ingaruka zo guhumeka ntabwo ari nziza nkizambere.Urwego rwisuku rwicyumba cyo gukoreramo rutandukanijwe ahanini numubare wumukungugu uri mukirere numubare wibinyabuzima.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane ni urwego rwa NASA.Ikoranabuhanga ryo kweza rigera ku ntego yo kutagira imbaraga mu kugenzura isuku y’ikirere binyuze mu kweza umuvuduko mwiza.
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ikirere, tekinoroji yo kweza irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: sisitemu yimivurungano na sisitemu ya laminar.. .Akayunguruzo hamwe no kuvura ikirere biroroshye, kandi kwaguka biroroshye., Igiciro ni gito, ariko umubare wimihindagurikire yikirere ni muto, muri rusange inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 50 / h, kandi biroroshye kubyara imigezi ya eddy, kandi ibice byanduye bishobora guhagarikwa no kuzenguruka mukarere ka eddy kariho, bigakora a kwanduza umwuka no kugabanya urwego rwo kweza imbere.Bikurikizwa gusa 10,000-1,000,000 yubwiherero mubipimo bya NASA.. urwego rwo kweza impinduka hamwe nimpinduka.Irashobora kunozwa mukongera inshuro zikirere kandi irakwiriye mubyumba byo gukoreramo 100 murwego rwa NASA.Nyamara, igipimo cyangiritse cya kashe ya filteri ni kinini, kandi ikiguzi ni kinini.
Gukoresha ibikoresho byo mucyumba
Urukuta rw'icyumba rukora hamwe n'ibisenge bikozwe mu majwi, adakomeye, yoroshye, nta busa, adafite umuriro, utagira amazi, n'ibikoresho byoroshye-byoza.Amabara ni ubururu bwerurutse n'icyatsi kibisi.Inguni zegeranijwe kugirango birinde umukungugu.Amatara yo kureba firime, akabati yimiti, kanseri, nibindi bigomba gushyirwa murukuta.Urugi rugomba kuba rugari kandi rutarenga, rworohereza imodoka zoroshye kwinjira no gusohoka.Irinde gukoresha inzugi zoroshye byoroshye guhindagurika kugirango wirinde umukungugu na bagiteri kuguruka kubera umwuka.Idirishya rigomba kuba rifite ibice bibiri, byaba byiza aluminium alloy idirishya ryamadirishya, bifasha mukutagira umukungugu hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Ikirahuri cy'idirishya kigomba kuba umukara.Ubugari bwa koridor ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 2,5m, byorohereza imodoka igororotse gukora no kwirinda kugongana hagati yabantu bahanyura.Igorofa igomba kuba yubatswe mubikoresho bikomeye, byoroshye kandi byoroshye.Ubutaka bugoramye gato ku mfuruka, kandi imiyoboro yo hasi igashyirwa ku gice cyo hepfo kugira ngo yorohereze imyanda, kandi umwobo w’amazi urapfundikirwa kugira ngo umwuka wanduye utinjira mu cyumba cyangwa uhagarikwa n’ibintu by’amahanga.
Amashanyarazi yo mucyumba akoreramo agomba kuba afite ibyiciro bibiri bitanga amashanyarazi kugirango bikore neza.Muri buri cyumba cyo gukoreramo hagomba kuba amashanyarazi ahagije kugirango yorohereze amashanyarazi ibikoresho nibikoresho bitandukanye.Sock igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho birwanya anti-spark, kandi hagomba kuba ibikoresho byitwara hasi yicyumba cyo gukoreramo kugirango wirinde guturika guterwa na spark.Umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi ugomba gufungwa hamwe nigifuniko kugirango wirinde amazi kwinjira, kugirango wirinde kunanirwa kwinzira bigira ingaruka kumikorere.Umurongo w'amashanyarazi nyamukuru uherereye hagati murukuta, kandi ibikoresho byo guswera hamwe nibikoresho bya ogisijeni bigomba kuba biri murukuta.Ibikoresho byo kumurika Amatara rusange agomba gushyirwaho kurukuta cyangwa hejuru yinzu.Amatara yo kubaga agomba gushyirwaho n'amatara adafite igicucu, n'amatara yo guterura.Inkomoko y'amazi n'ibikoresho byo gukumira umuriro: hagomba gushyirwaho robine muri buri mahugurwa kugirango byoroherezwe.Kuzimya umuriro bigomba gushyirwaho muri koridoro no mu byumba byunganira kugirango umutekano ubeho.Amazi ashyushye n'imbeho hamwe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi bigomba kuba byemewe.Igikoresho cyo guhumeka, kuyungurura no kuboneza urubyaro: ibyumba bikoreramo bigezweho bigomba gushyiraho igikoresho cyiza cyo guhumeka, kuyungurura no kuyungurura kugirango isukure umwuka.Uburyo bwo guhumeka burimo imivurungano, imigezi ya laminari n'ubwoko bwa vertical, bishobora gutoranywa uko bikwiye.Icyumba cyo gukoreramo cyinjira nogusohoka inzira: Igishushanyo mbonera cyinzira zinjira nogusohoka zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa mubikorwa byimikorere no kugabana isuku.Hagomba gushyirwaho inzira eshatu zo kwinjira no gusohoka, imwe yo kwinjira no gusohoka kw'abakozi, iya kabiri ku barwayi bakomeretse, n'iya gatatu yo kuzenguruka inzira zitangwa nko kwambara ibikoresho., gerageza kwigunga no kwirinda kwandura.
Kugena ubushyuhe bwicyumba cyo gukoreramo ni ngombwa cyane, kandi hagomba kubaho ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gushyushya.Icyuma gikonjesha kigomba gushyirwaho hejuru yinzu, ubushyuhe bwicyumba bugomba kubikwa kuri 24-26 and, nubushuhe bugereranije bugomba kuba hafi 50%.Icyumba rusange cyo gukoreramo gifite metero kare 35-45, naho icyumba kidasanzwe gifite metero kare 60, kibereye kubagwa byumutima byumutima, guhinduranya ingingo, nibindi.;ubuso buto bwo gukoreramo ni metero kare 20-30.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2022