Gazi yo kwa muganga bivuga gaze ikoreshwa mubuvuzi.Bimwe bikoreshwa muburyo butaziguye;bimwe bikoreshwa muri anesthesia;bimwe bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho nibikoresho byubuvuzi;bimwe bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi na bagiteri n'umuco wa urusoro.Bikunze gukoreshwa ni ogisijeni, okiside ya nitrous, karuboni ya dioxyde, argon, helium, azote n'umwuka uhumeka.
Imiterere n'imikoreshereze ya gaze yo kwa muganga:
1. Oxygene (Oxygene) Inzira ya molekile ya ogisijeni ni O2.Ni okiside ikomeye kandi yongerera umuriro.Iyo umwuka mwinshi wa ogisijeni uhuye namavuta, bizagira reaction ikomeye ya okiside, bitange ubushyuhe bwinshi, ndetse bitwike kandi biturika.Kubwibyo, byashyizwe ku rutonde nkibintu byo mu rwego rwa B byangiza umuriro muri "Code for Design Fire Design of Building".
Nyamara, ogisijeni nacyo kintu cyibanze kugirango ubuzima bukomeze, kandi bukoreshwa mubuvuzi kugirango hongerwe ogisijeni kubarwayi ba hypoxic.Guhumeka mu buryo butaziguye umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni byangiza umubiri w'umuntu, kandi umwuka wa ogisijeni ukoreshwa igihe kirekire muri rusange nturenga 30-40%.Abarwayi basanzwe bahumeka ogisijeni binyuze mu icupa ryangiza;abarwayi barembye cyane bahumeka ogisijeni binyuze muri ventilator.Oxygene ikoreshwa kandi mu byumba by’umuvuduko mwinshi mu kuvura indwara zo kwibira, uburozi bwa gaze, no gukoresha imiti ya atome.
Inzira ya molekile ya nitrous oxyde ni N2O.Ni gaze itagira ibara, impumuro nziza, kandi ihumura neza.Nyuma yo guhumeka gake, imitsi yo mumaso izahinduka kandi imvugo yo gusetsa izagaragara, bityo bizwi cyane nka gaze yo guseka (guseka-gaze).
Okiside ya Nitrous idakora kandi ntishobora kubora mubushyuhe bwicyumba;icyakora, izahindura okiside ya aluminium, ibyuma, imiringa yumuringa nibindi byuma iyo bishyushye;bizonona polypropilene hejuru ya 60 ° C.
Okiside ya Nitrous izabora muri azote na ogisijeni mugihe ubushyuhe burenze 650 ℃, bityo bukagira ingaruka zo gutwika.Ku bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko uri hejuru yikirere 15 bizatera amavuta gutwika.
Gazi iseka irashobora gushonga gato mumazi, gushonga byoroshye muri acetone, methanol na Ethanol, kandi birashobora kutabangikanywa no kwinjizwa nibisubizo bya alkaline nka porojeri ya chlorine ihumanya hamwe n ivu rya soda.
Nyuma ya oxyde ya nitrous ihumeka, igira anesteziya ningaruka zo gusesengura, ariko guhumeka kwinshi bishobora gutera guhumeka.Mu buvuzi, uruvange rwa oxyde ya nitrous na ogisijeni (ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga: 65% N2O + 35% O2) ikoreshwa nka anesthetic, kandi ihumeka umurwayi hakoreshejwe uburyo bufunze cyangwa umuyaga.Mugihe cya anesthesia, koresha ogisijeni nyayo na metero ya nitrous oxyde kugirango ukurikirane igipimo cyo kuvanga byombi kugirango wirinde umurwayi guhumeka.Iyo uhagaritse guhumeka, umurwayi agomba guhabwa ogisijeni muminota irenga 10 kugirango yirinde hypoxia.
Gukoresha okiside ya nitrous nka anesthetic ifite ibyiza byigihe gito cyo kwinjiza, ingaruka nziza zo gusesengura, gukira vuba, kandi nta ngaruka mbi zoguhumeka, umwijima nimpyiko.Ariko ifite ingaruka nkeya kuri myocardium, kuruhura imitsi ntabwo byuzuye, kandi anesthesia rusange irakomeye.Okiside ya Nitrous yonyine nka anesthetic irakwiriye gusa kubikorwa bito nko gukuramo amenyo, kugarura kuvunika, guterwa ibisebe, kubaga kubaga, gukuramo inda, no kubyara bitababaza.Mubikorwa byingenzi, ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe na barbiturates, succinylcholine, opiates, cyclopropane, ether, nibindi kugirango byongere ingaruka.
Gazi iseka ikoreshwa kandi nka firigo, igenzura ibimeneka, imiti ya cream ifunga, irinda ibiryo, ibikoresho bifasha gutwika, nibindi.
Dioxyde de Carbone
Inzira ya molekile ya dioxyde de carbone ni CO2, bakunze kwita karuboni ya dioxyde.Ni gaze itagira ibara, isharira, na gaze-uburozi buke.Ntabwo idakora mubushyuhe bwicyumba, gushonga mumazi, kandi gukomera kwayo ni 0.144g / 100g amazi (25 ℃).Kuri 20 ° C, dioxyde de carbone irashobora guhinduka amazi atagira ibara uyikanda kuri 5.73 × 106 Pa, akenshi ikabikwa kandi ikabikwa muri silinderi.Dioxyde de Carbone irashobora gukorwa mu rubura rwumye mukanda (5.27 × 105Pa) no gukonjesha (munsi -56,6 ℃).Urubura rwumye rushobora kwinjizwa muri gaze kuri 1.013 × 105 Pa (umuvuduko w'ikirere) na -78.5 ° C.Iyo dioxyde de carbone isukuye vuba vuba bitewe nigitutu cyagabanutse, igice cyo kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwa gaze ituma ikindi gice kizimya mukibara kimeze nkurubura, kigahuza urubura rumeze nkurubura rukamera nk'urubura rukomeye (urubura rwumye).
Umubare ntarengwa wibintu bya karuboni mu kirere ni 0.5%.Niba irenze 3%, bizagira ingaruka kumubiri.Niba irenze 7%, bizatera koma.Niba irenze 20%, bizatera urupfu.
Mu buvuzi, karuboni ya dioxyde ikoreshwa mu kuziba mu nda no mu nda ya laparoskopi na fibre colonoscopi.Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa no guhinga bagiteri (bacteri za anaerobic) muri laboratoire.Dioxyde de carbone yumuvuduko ukabije irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya cataracte nindwara zifata imitsi.
Dioxyde de Carbone ni idashobora gukongoka, ntishobora gutwikwa, kandi iremereye kuruta ikirere (ubucucike 1.977g / L mu bihe bisanzwe, bikubye inshuro 1.5 ibyo mu kirere), bishobora gutwikira hejuru y’ibintu no gutandukanya umwuka, bityo rero ikoreshwa cyane mu kuzimya umuriro, ikoreshwa mu gusudira karuboni ya dioxyde ikingira (ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya ogisijeni), n'ibindi.
4. Argon
Inzira ya molekuline ya argon ni Ar.Ni gaze ya inert idafite ibara, impumuro nziza kandi idafite uburozi.Ntishobora gutwikwa, ntigishobora gukongoka, kandi ntishobora gufata imiti hamwe nibindi bintu, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa mukurinda ibyuma okiside.
Gazi ya argon ioni muri ion ya gaz ya argon ikorwa numuvuduko mwinshi numuvuduko mwinshi.Iyi gaz ya argon ion ifite ubushobozi bwiza kandi irashobora guhora ikwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Gazi ya argon ubwayo irashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw igikomere mugihe cyo kubaga, kandi ikagabanya okiside na karuboni (umwotsi, eschar) yumubiri wangiritse.Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa kenshi mugihe kinini cyo kuvura.
Ibikoresho byo kubaga nkicyuma cya argon.
Argon ikoreshwa kandi muri argon ikingira gusudira, amatara ya fluorescent, inganda zuzuzanya, nibindi.
5. Helium (helium)
Inzira ya molekuline ya helium ni We.Ni na gaze ya inert idafite ibara, impumuro nziza kandi idafite uburozi.Ntishobora gutwikwa, ntigishobora gukongoka, kandi ntishobora gufata imiti hamwe nibindi bintu, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa mukurinda ibyuma okiside.Mubuvuzi, ikoreshwa kenshi mubikoresho byo kubaga nk'icyuma kinini cya helium.
6. Azote
Inzira ya molekile ya azote ni N2.Ni gaze idafite ibara, idafite impumuro nziza, idafite uburozi, gaze idashya.Ntabwo ikora mubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi ntabwo ikora imiti hamwe nibyuma bisanzwe.Kubwibyo, azote ikunze gukoreshwa mubyuma birwanya ruswa, nko kuzuza amatara, kurwanya ingese no guhumeka ikirere ibintu, kubika, kurinda gusudira, gusimbuza gaze, nibindi. Ikoreshwa kandi muguhuza amoniya, gukora aside nitric , ibisasu, ifumbire ya azote, nibindi, kandi bifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha.
Ubuvuzi bukoreshwa mugutwara ibikoresho byubuvuzi nibikoresho.
Amazi ya azote akoreshwa kenshi muri cryotherapie mu kubaga, stomatologiya, ginecology, na ophthalmology mu kuvura hemangioma, kanseri y'uruhu, acne, hemorhoide, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, polyps zitandukanye, cataracte, glaucoma, no gutera intanga.
7. Umwuka ucanye (umwuka)
Umwuka ucanye ukoreshwa mu kohereza imbaraga kubikoresho byo kubaga umunwa, ibikoresho bya orthopedic, umuyaga, nibindi.
Usibye imyuka 7 yavuzwe haruguru ikunze gukoreshwa, hari na gaze yihariye yubuvuzi:
8. Ubuvuzi bwa hernia
Ubuvuzi bwa xenon bukoreshwa cyane cyane mumashini ya gaze ya mashini CT.Gazi ya xenon itera ionisation ikurura ingufu, kandi ion zayo zihuta mumashanyarazi hanyuma zigakubita icyuma kugirango zibyare X.Kuberako kwinjiza no guhererekanya X-imirasire yumubiri wabantu bitandukanye, birarengana Mudasobwa itunganya amakuru yumubiri wumuntu nyuma ya X-imirasire irasa, hanyuma igahuza ibice cyangwa ibice bitatu byumubiri kugirango bibe kugenzurwa birashobora gufatwa.
9. Krypton
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nkibikoresho byifashishwa mu gushimisha lazeri mu bitaro kugira ngo yongere ubukana bw'isoko rya mbere rya laser, kugira ngo hasuzumwe neza no kuvura indwara n'abaganga.
10. Neon
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugusukura no gusimbuza gaze yimashini zibaga laser zikoreshwa mubitaro.Ibisabwa byihariye bigenwa nuburyo butandukanye bwo kubaga laser mubitaro.
11. Gazi ivanze
▲ N2 + CO2 cyangwa CO2 + H2
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumico ya bagiteri ya anaerobic mubitaro, ikora intego yo guhinga bagiteri isabwa nimirire, ikorohereza kumenya ubwoko bwa bagiteri, kandi ikuzuza ibisabwa kugirango hamenyekane bagiteri, zifasha kwisuzumisha no kuvura.
▲ 5-10% CO2 / Umuyaga
Ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutembera mu bwonko, ikigamijwe ni uguteza imbere no kwihutisha iterambere ry’amaraso y’ubwonko, no gukomeza ubwonko bw’ubwonko.
Gas Ubuvuzi bwa ternary buvanze
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumico y'akagari n'umuco wo gusamo.Ni gaze ikoreshwa mubigo byororoka byibitaro nibindi bice.
12. Kugena amaraso gazi ifasha
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda gutandukanya no gutuza kwamaraso mugihe cyo gupima amaraso, kugirango ubare neza ingano ya buri kintu, nka selile yamaraso itukura, selile yera, nibindi.
13, ibihaha bikwirakwiza gaze
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kubaga ibihaha kugirango yongere amajwi, yorohereze imikorere kandi irinde ibihaha kuba bito.
14. Kurandura no kwanduza gaze
15. Gazi ya laser
16. Gusohora no gutunganya gaze ya gaze n'amazi
Imyanda
Imyanda y'amazi ikorwa mu buvuzi irimo spum, pus n'amaraso, asitite, koza imyanda, n'ibindi, bishobora gukusanywa no gutunganywa na sisitemu yo gukuramo vacuum.
Umwuka wa Anesthetic
Mubisanzwe bivuga gaz ivanze ivanze numurwayi mugihe cya anesteziya.Ibigize byingenzi ni okiside ya nitrous, dioxyde de carbone, umwuka, enflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane nizindi myuka ya ether.
Umwuka wa Anesthetic wangiza abakozi b'ubuvuzi.Muri icyo gihe, ibice bya acide nkeya muri gaze isohoka bigira ingaruka mbi kubikoresho, bityo gaze ya anesthetic ya gaze yatewe numurwayi
Igomba gukusanywa, gutunganywa cyangwa kuvangwa na Anesthetic Gas Scavenging Sisitemu hanyuma ikarekurwa hanze yinyubako.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kuvura ni ugukuramo imyanda ya anesthetic hamwe na karubone ikora hanyuma ukayitwika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2021